Electric propulsion and autonomous vehicles have become a hot topic in the agricultural industry, capturing the attention of both established companies and start-ups. Recently, at the Agritechnica trade fair, several start-ups showcased their prototype electric tractors, signaling significant progress in the development of electric propulsion and autonomous technology by tractor manufacturers.
While the first fully electric tractors have already entered the market, it appears that full electrification is currently limited to tractors under 100 horsepower. These smaller tractors, designed for work on and around the farmyard, are ideal for electric propulsion as they are not constantly heavily loaded and can easily access charging points. This application presents an obvious opportunity for electric tractors to make their mark in the agricultural sector.
What sets these start-ups apart is their approach to building electric tractors from the ground up, rather than simply retrofitting existing tractors with electric motors. This approach allows for more freedom in battery placement, a critical issue for fully electric vehicles. The battery pack needs to replace a 50 to 60-liter fuel tank, and finding the optimal space for it is crucial.
One notable example is the TUMtrac, a study model developed by the Technical University of Munich. This fully electric tractor was tested last fall and used for tasks such as sowing wheat, cultivating, and tipping. The team behind the TUMtrac aims to explore the technical capabilities and possibilities of electrically driven tractors.
Another start-up, Tadus, has developed the E-Tractor based on the Doppstad Systra, a discontinued model. The E-Tractor features two lithium-ion batteries from the commercial vehicle industry and maintains a diesel engine that drives a generator. Extensive testing has been conducted, and if the E-Tractor goes into production, it will be a completely new build.
German start-up Raumideen has introduced the Onox, an electric tractor designed for quick battery exchanges. With a focus on ease of use and efficiency, the Onox is equipped with 50 kW power and 3kWh of energy per battery pack. While it is still a prototype and has not yet been tested, the Onox demonstrates the innovative thinking of start-ups in the electric tractor space.
Not to be left behind, American company Monarch Tractor has fully redesigned an autonomous electric tractor in California. Their partnership with CNH Industrial further solidifies their commitment to electric technology in agriculture.
The benefits of electric tractors are evident, including reduced emissions, lower operating costs, and quieter operation. However, there are still challenges to overcome, such as battery range and charging infrastructure. Nevertheless, both established tractor manufacturers and start-ups are investing heavily in electric tractors, indicating a strong belief in the future of this technology in agriculture. As the industry continues to evolve, it will be exciting to see how electric propulsion and autonomous vehicles shape the future of farming.