Recent research published in ‘Environmental Research Letters’ sheds light on the critical state of agricultural water management (AWM) practices across Africa, particularly in the context of enhancing crop productivity and resilience amid climate change. The study, led by Tinashe Lindel Dirwai from the International Water Management Institute, emphasizes the importance of efficient AWM for the approximately 90% of sub-Saharan Africa’s agriculture that relies on rainfed systems, predominantly operated by smallholder farmers. These farmers represent about 60% of the continent’s population, underscoring the significance of agriculture for livelihoods and food security.
The research identifies four developmental pathways proposed by the African Union’s irrigation development and AWM strategy (AU-IDAWM): improved water control and watershed management in rain-fed farming, farmer-led irrigation, irrigation scheme development and modernization, and unconventional water use for irrigation. The findings indicate that most agricultural systems are currently focused on the first two pathways, which present both challenges and opportunities for improving water management practices.
Commercially, the emphasis on improved water control and farmer-led irrigation suggests a growing market for technologies and services that facilitate better water management. This includes investments in drip irrigation systems, rainwater harvesting technologies, and training programs that empower farmers to optimize their water use. As the study highlights, targeted investments in these areas can significantly enhance water productivity, which is essential for increasing agricultural output and food security.
The research also points to regional disparities in AWM practices. North Africa, for instance, has shown isolated adoption of unconventional water use strategies, while West Africa faces challenges due to low investment in AWM. This creates a unique opportunity for private sector involvement in developing and financing water management solutions tailored to regional needs. Companies specializing in agricultural technology or consulting services can play a pivotal role in addressing these gaps, particularly by offering innovative solutions that align with the AU-IDAWM’s pathways.
Moreover, the study identifies the necessity of robust institutional frameworks and extension services as critical components for successful AWM implementation. This opens avenues for partnerships between governments, NGOs, and private enterprises to enhance information dissemination and training programs for farmers. By improving access to extension services, the agriculture sector can foster a more informed and adaptive farming community, ultimately leading to enhanced resilience against climate change impacts.
In summary, the insights from this research not only highlight the current state of agricultural water management in Africa but also illuminate commercial opportunities for stakeholders in the agricultural sector. By aligning with the AU-IDAWM strategy and investing in innovative AWM practices, the agriculture sector can significantly improve productivity, sustainability, and food security across the continent.