In the heart of Benin, small ruminant farmers are grappling with the shifting sands of climate change, and new research sheds light on how they’re adapting their feeding strategies to cope with these challenges. A recent study published in ‘Heliyon’—which translates to ‘the sun’—reveals the innovative ways farmers across five distinct agroecological zones are responding to the impacts of climate variability on livestock production.
Euvrard Landry Romaric Gninkplékpo, a lead researcher from the School of Sciences and Technics of Animal Production, Faculty of Agronomic Sciences, University of Abomey-Calavi, Benin, spearheaded this comprehensive investigation involving 400 farmers. The findings indicate that many farmers are seeing firsthand the effects of climate change—like delayed rainfall and unexpected droughts—which are wreaking havoc on grassland biomass and water resources. “Farmers are aware of the changing climate and its direct impact on their livestock,” Gninkplékpo noted. “This awareness drives them to seek out new feeding strategies to ensure their animals thrive.”
The study highlights a stark reality: in regions like Plateau and South Borgou, farmers reported significant drops in animal growth and alarming mortality rates. In response, they’re diversifying their feed resources, allowing animals to wander freely, and intensifying feeding with supplements. These strategies are not just reactive; they are a proactive approach to securing the future of their livestock amidst unpredictable weather patterns.
What’s particularly striking is the variation in these strategies across different agroecological zones. For instance, while some farmers are exploring new feed resources and cultivating forage, others are sticking to tried-and-true methods. “The diversity in strategies reflects the unique challenges and resources available in each zone,” explained Gninkplékpo. This nuanced understanding is crucial for tailoring support and resources to farmers, ensuring that they can effectively combat the impacts of climate change on their livelihoods.
Moreover, the research identified key determinants influencing these adaptive strategies, such as gender, education level, and the specific climatic conditions of their farming regions. This insight is invaluable for policymakers and agricultural organizations looking to provide targeted assistance to smallholder farmers. By understanding the factors that drive farmers’ decisions, stakeholders can better align their efforts to bolster resilience in the agricultural sector.
As the world continues to face the realities of climate change, studies like this one pave the way for innovative solutions in agriculture. They not only highlight the resilience of farmers but also underscore the importance of adaptive strategies in ensuring food security and economic stability in vulnerable regions. With the right support and resources, small ruminant farmers in Benin can continue to thrive, setting a precedent for sustainable practices across Sub-Saharan Africa.
This research, backed by the expertise of Gninkplékpo and his team, offers a glimpse into the future of climate-smart agriculture, where adaptability and innovation are key to survival. As we look ahead, the findings from this study will undoubtedly influence future agricultural practices and policies, steering them towards a more resilient and sustainable path.