In the Netherlands, the agricultural landscape is witnessing a technological evolution with the introduction of seeding drones, particularly in the Veenkoloniën region. While this innovation promises to enhance farming practices, a fully developed system for drone seeding remains in the works. Recent experimental trials conducted on two arable farms in Stadskanaal and Onstwedde have provided valuable insights into the potential of drone-based underseeding, although definitive conclusions are still elusive.
On November 20, stakeholders gathered to evaluate the outcomes of their drone-assisted underseeding of cover crops, a practice that involves sowing a new crop among an existing one. This method is particularly effective as a catch crop for maize, where cover crops are planted approximately two weeks before the barley harvest. The initiative, supported by the Dutch farmer experiments subsidy scheme and facilitated by drone companies Aerovision and ABdrone, aims to explore the viability of integrating drone technology into traditional farming methods.
Leks Bolderdijk from ABdrone emphasized the exploratory nature of the research, noting that while no hard scientific conclusions can currently be drawn, the broad perspective offers numerous factors to consider for future implementations. The study focused on key aspects such as optimal sowing times and the impact of clay-coated seeds on growth. By leaving the soil undisturbed, the researchers anticipated positive effects on soil quality and biodiversity.
The political and environmental climate appears to be conducive to the adoption of drone seeding. With increasing interest in sustainable farming practices that bolster biodiversity and reduce soil compaction, farmers are looking for reliable, weather-independent sowing techniques. However, the trials highlighted a critical concern regarding seed selection. Arjan Jansma from Qlobel pointed out that many farmers may be using the “wrong” cover crop seeds, which are not performing well when sown on the surface. He suggested that seed companies should focus on developing seeds that thrive without being incorporated into the soil, as this could enhance the effectiveness of drone seeding.
The evaluations revealed that while drone seeding is more expensive than traditional methods—costing around €75 per hectare compared to €10 for underseeding with a fertilizer spreader—its potential benefits could outweigh the costs. The trials did not show significant differences in seeding results between sandy and clay soils, but the need for further research was evident. Gert Sterenborg, a farmer involved in the trials, expressed his concerns about the inconsistent performance of uncoated seeds, which led to irregular stands of cover crops and increased weed growth. He advocates for more clarity on the conditions that affect seed establishment, indicating a desire for more comprehensive research involving seed companies.
The discussions also touched on the differences between post-harvest seeding and underseeding in standing crops. While post-harvest seeding yielded more robust cover crops, underseeding showed promise in enhancing soil health and accessibility in spring. Bolderdijk noted that underseeding could potentially begin as early as January, provided that field conditions allow.
Despite the challenges, the evaluation has sparked a renewed interest among farmers to continue experimenting with drone technology. As Jaap Dun, an arable farmer and host of the evaluation, pointed out, there is a pressing need for a more scientific approach to these trials. He urged for a shift in perspective to capture subtle findings that may not be immediately apparent in the field.
As the agricultural sector navigates the complexities of integrating drone technology, the ongoing experiments in the Netherlands serve as a critical step toward understanding the potential benefits and limitations of drone seeding. The future of farming may well depend on how effectively farmers can adapt to these innovations, balancing costs with the promise of enhanced productivity and sustainability.