In the heart of Bangladesh, where the land meets the sky in a dance of monsoon and drought, farmers are on the front lines of climate change. A recent study led by J.M. Adeeb Salman Chowdhury from the Department of Statistics at Comilla University, sheds light on how farmers in the northwest region of Bangladesh are perceiving, experiencing, and adapting to drought conditions. The study, published in the journal ‘Climate Services’, is a wake-up call for policymakers and the agricultural sector, highlighting the urgent need for sustainable water management and climate-resilient practices.
The northwest region of Bangladesh, encompassing districts like Rajshahi, Chapainawabganj, Naogaon, and Dinajpur, is particularly vulnerable to drought. The study, which surveyed 375 households, found that 95.6% of farmers reported significant changes in climate patterns over the past 30 years. “The change observed in rainfall and temperature disturbances like dry season longer, low rainfall, increasing of temperature, increasing number of warm days, decreasing number of rainy days, manmade reason etc.” Chowdhury stated. These changes have led to a cascade of agricultural issues, including increased production costs, declining groundwater levels, crop failures, and food scarcity.
The research employed a multinomial logistic model to identify factors influencing farmers’ adaptation strategies. Age, education, income, family size, farming experience, access to climate information, farmer-to-farmer extension, social mobility, and loan subsidies were found to directly influence adaptation decisions. The most significant adaptation strategies adopted by farmers include irrigation facilities, agronomic management, drought-tolerant rice varieties, and alternative land-use enterprises.
The study underscores the need for a comprehensive approach to drought management. Chowdhury emphasizes, “To protect farmers from natural disasters, especially drought, sustainable water management plan, credit support from government, less water consuming crops, new crop varieties and re-excavation of traditional ponds must be implemented in the study area.” This call to action is not just about agricultural sustainability but also about economic resilience. Drought impacts the energy sector indirectly through its effects on agriculture. Water scarcity affects hydroelectric power generation, and increased reliance on irrigation can strain energy resources. The study’s findings can guide policymakers in developing integrated strategies that address both agricultural and energy challenges.
The research also highlights the importance of farmer-to-farmer extension and social mobility in adaptation strategies. This community-driven approach not only empowers farmers but also fosters a culture of resilience and innovation. As the frequency and severity of extreme weather events are expected to intensify, such strategies will be crucial in mitigating the impacts of climate change.
This study opens up discussions on the impacts and adaptation strategies associated with various stakeholders, such as smallholder and subsistence farmers. It contributes towards mitigating the detrimental effects of drought on agricultural production and ensures regional food security. By understanding farmers’ perceptions and adaptation measures, policymakers can implement better policies for the future adaptation of the agricultural industry.
The insights from Chowdhury’s research could shape future developments in agritech and climate resilience. As we move forward, integrating these findings into policy and practice will be essential for building a more sustainable and resilient agricultural sector. The study serves as a reminder that addressing climate change requires a multifaceted approach, one that involves farmers, policymakers, and the broader community.