In the ever-evolving landscape of food safety and antimicrobial resistance (AMR), bacteriophages, or phages, are emerging as a promising solution. These viruses that infect and kill bacteria are increasingly seen as a sustainable biocontrol agent in the agri-food industry. However, the journey from laboratory discovery to large-scale commercial application is fraught with challenges. A recent review published in Virus Research, led by Elham Mohammadi of NanoSciTec GmbH in Munich, Germany, delves into the intricacies of phage manufacturing processes, highlighting the gaps and opportunities in this burgeoning field.
The review underscores the critical role of both upstream and downstream processes in achieving large-scale phage production. Upstream processes, such as fermentation and phage amplification, are essential for maximizing phage yields. Meanwhile, downstream processes, including purification, endotoxin removal, and formulation, ensure product quality and regulatory compliance. “Achieving large phage yields requires upstream procedures, including fermentation and phage amplification,” Mohammadi explains. “In the meantime, downstream procedures, including purification, endotoxin removal, and formulation, is essential for guaranteeing product quality and regulatory compliance.”
Despite significant advancements in optimizing these processes, the industry faces hurdles in translating laboratory successes into commercial manufacturing. Fragmented regulations and inconsistent standards further complicate the commercialization of phage products. “Despite advances in upstream and downstream process optimization of phage production processes, these methods are not effectively utilized in manufacturing processes,” the review notes. “Additionally, the commercialization of phage products is hindered by fragmented rules and inconsistent regulations.”
Emerging technologies offer a glimmer of hope. Enhanced chromatography, continuous processing, and encapsulating techniques promise increased stability, efficiency, and scalability. The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning could revolutionize the industry by enabling real-time process optimization, predictive quality control, and the creation of unique phage products. “The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning has the potential to transform the phage manufacturing industry completely,” Mohammadi states.
The review emphasizes the need for collaboration between academia, industry, and regulatory agencies to bridge the gap between research and commercial applications. By harmonizing regulatory frameworks and fostering innovation, the agri-food industry can fully harness the potential of phages to enhance food safety, combat AMR, and promote sustainable agricultural practices.
The implications of this research are vast. As the world grapples with the dual challenges of food safety and antimicrobial resistance, the development of efficient and scalable phage manufacturing processes could be a game-changer. By addressing the gaps identified in the review, the industry can pave the way for a future where phages play a pivotal role in ensuring the safety and sustainability of our food supply. The review, published in Virus Research, serves as a clarion call for stakeholders to come together and drive this transformative change.
