In the heart of Romania, a groundbreaking study led by Teofil-Alin Oncescu from the Department of Applied Mechanics and Civil Construction at the University of Craiova has shed new light on the potential of electric tractors to revolutionize operator safety and comfort in the agricultural sector. The research, published in the journal AgriEngineering, compares the vibration impact on operators of diesel and electric tractors, offering insights that could reshape the future of agricultural machinery.
The study, conducted under real operating conditions, measured vibrations using advanced triaxial accelerometers installed at critical points on two tractor models: a diesel New Holland TCE 50 and an electric prototype TE-0. The tests were carried out across four different terrains—concrete, grass, uneven agricultural roads, and plowed land—and at two working speeds, 5 km/h and 10 km/h. The results were analyzed in compliance with ISO 2631 standards, which set benchmarks for evaluating the effects of vibrations on human health and comfort.
One of the most striking findings was the superior vibration isolation efficiency of the electric tractor, particularly within the critical frequency range of 4–12 Hz, where human health risks are most significant. “The electric tractor reached the vibration isolation threshold at 4.8 Hz, compared to 12 Hz for the diesel tractor,” Oncescu explained. “This means the electric tractor effectively minimizes potential adverse effects, such as musculoskeletal disorders and internal organ impact, which are often associated with prolonged exposure to vibrations.”
The study also highlighted the electric tractor’s lower transmissibility value, indicating superior vibration attenuation. This reduction in mechanical energy transfer to the operator’s body enhances overall health and comfort during operation. “The electric tractor demonstrated a lower transmissibility value (1.35) compared to the diesel tractor (1.50),” Oncescu noted. “This suggests that electric tractors can significantly reduce vibrations transmitted to the operator, thereby enhancing health, comfort, and safety.”
The implications of these findings are profound for the agricultural sector and the energy industry. As the push for sustainable and efficient farming practices continues, electric tractors offer a compelling solution. Not only do they reduce greenhouse gas emissions, but they also provide a safer and more comfortable working environment for operators. This could lead to increased productivity, reduced downtime due to health issues, and a more attractive working environment for agricultural workers.
The research underscores the need for further investment in electric tractor technology and infrastructure. As Oncescu points out, “The evaluated models were equipped with manual gearboxes and lacked the advanced suspension systems typically found on larger and more expensive tractors.” This suggests that there is significant room for improvement in electric tractor design, which could further enhance operator safety and comfort.
The study, published in AgriEngineering, serves as a call to action for manufacturers and policymakers to prioritize the development and adoption of electric tractors. As the agricultural sector continues to evolve, the integration of electric tractors could play a pivotal role in shaping a more sustainable and efficient future. The findings from this research provide a solid foundation for future developments in the field, paving the way for innovations that prioritize operator health, comfort, and safety.