The 2025 legislative sessions are still underway in most states, but several food-related laws have already been enacted, reflecting a dynamic shift in agricultural and food safety policies. These laws address a range of issues, from cottage foods and food additives to alternative proteins and raw milk. Here’s a look at some of the notable changes and their implications.
Raw milk regulations have seen significant updates in Arkansas, Utah, and North Dakota. Arkansas passed HB1048, allowing raw goat, sheep, and whole milk to be sold directly to consumers at farmers’ markets or via farm delivery. This expansion aims to support local farmers and provide consumers with more options, but it also comes with stringent safety measures to ensure public health. Utah’s HB414 updates the state’s handling of foodborne illness outbreaks related to raw milk, defining outbreaks and setting contamination thresholds. This law enhances food safety protocols, ensuring that raw milk producers adhere to strict guidelines to prevent health risks. North Dakota’s HB1131 extends its raw milk provisions to include “raw milk products,” such as cream, cheese, and yogurt, but with strict labeling and sales restrictions. These changes reflect a growing interest in raw milk products while prioritizing consumer safety.
Cottage food laws, which exempt small-scale food producers from traditional licensing and inspection requirements, have also seen updates. North Dakota’s SB2386 allows cottage food to be sold in interstate commerce and through various means, including online and by mail. This expansion provides small food producers with more opportunities to reach a broader market, potentially boosting local economies. However, it also excludes uninspected poultry products from interstate sales, maintaining a focus on food safety.
Food additives have been a hot topic in 2025, with several states following California’s lead in restricting synthetic additives. West Virginia’s HB2354 considers foods adulterated if they contain certain synthetic additives, establishing penalties for their inclusion. The law also prohibits these additives in school meals, with exceptions for fundraising events. This legislation aims to improve public health by reducing exposure to potentially harmful substances, particularly among children. Virginia’s SB1289 mirrors California’s approach by prohibiting specific color additives in school meals, further emphasizing the trend towards healthier school food options.
These legislative changes highlight a broader movement towards balancing consumer choice and food safety. As states continue to refine their food laws, the focus remains on supporting local producers, enhancing public health, and ensuring that consumers have access to safe and nutritious food options. To stay informed about these developments, consider subscribing to the National Agricultural Law Center’s biweekly newsletter, “The Feed.”