In the heart of Cameroon, a groundbreaking study is reshaping the future of cocoa production, offering a sustainable and efficient alternative to traditional drying methods. Arnaud Nzendjang Mbakouop, a researcher from the Department of Renewable Energy at the Ibero-American International University in Mexico, has developed a mixed forced convection solar dryer that promises to revolutionize the post-harvest processing of cocoa beans. Published in the journal *Thermo* (which translates to “Heat” in English), this research highlights the potential of solar drying to enhance cocoa quality, reduce drying time, and minimize environmental impact.
The study, conducted in Ntui, Cameroon, compares the efficiency and quality outcomes of the solar dryer with traditional open-air drying methods. The solar dryer, designed with a solar collector, forced ventilation, and thermal storage, leverages local materials and renewable energy, providing an eco-friendly solution that reduces reliance on fossil fuels. “This technology not only improves drying efficiency but also addresses the critical issue of post-harvest losses, which are a significant challenge for small-scale cocoa producers,” says Mbakouop.
The results are impressive. The solar dryer reduces drying time from an average of 4.83 days to just 2.5 days, a 50% improvement. This efficiency is crucial for maintaining the quality of cocoa beans, as prolonged drying can lead to contamination and spoilage. The solar-dried beans exhibited a stable pH (5.7–5.9) and a low free fatty acid (FFA) content (0.282% oleic acid equivalent), well below the European Union standard of 1.75%. These parameters are critical for ensuring the market value and quality of the final product.
In contrast, open-air drying showed greater variability in quality due to weather dependencies and contamination risks. The solar dryer’s ability to maintain optimal conditions for bean quality preservation is a game-changer for the cocoa industry. “The adaptability of this technology to equatorial climates makes it a viable solution for cocoa-producing regions worldwide,” Mbakouop explains.
The commercial implications for the energy sector are significant. As the demand for sustainable and renewable energy solutions grows, the adoption of solar drying technology can create new opportunities for energy providers and equipment manufacturers. This research paves the way for the optimization and broader adoption of solar drying technologies, contributing to the economic and environmental sustainability of tropical agriculture.
The study’s findings underscore the viability of solar drying as a high-performance, eco-friendly solution. As the world increasingly focuses on reducing carbon footprints and enhancing energy efficiency, innovations like the mixed forced convection solar dryer are set to play a pivotal role in shaping the future of the cocoa industry and beyond. This research not only addresses economic and environmental challenges but also sets a precedent for future developments in sustainable drying technologies.