In the heart of India’s agricultural history, the humble pig has played a role far more significant than many realize. A recent study published in the *Indian Journal of Animal Sciences* (translated from Hindi as *Indian Journal of Animal Sciences*) sheds light on the cultural and historical importance of pigs in ancient India and explores the promising prospects of natural pig farming in contemporary times. Led by R. Thomas from the ICAR- National Research Centre On Pig in Guwahati, Assam, the research delves into the intriguing symbolism of pigs in Indian mythology and agriculture, while also highlighting the potential for sustainable pig farming in today’s market.
The study reveals that pigs, particularly the boar, held great cultural and civilizational significance in ancient India. “The mythology and ancient history of India reveal that the pig held great cultural and civilizational significance,” notes Thomas. This symbolism can be traced through sculptures and inscriptions, where the pig was often portrayed as a symbol of prosperity in ancient Indian agriculture. The domestication of pigs, Sus scrofa domesticus, has had a profound impact on human societies worldwide, contributing to food security, agricultural practices, and cultural diversity.
Fast forward to contemporary India, the pig population stands at 9.06 million, with 79.03 percent being indigenous and non-descript breeds. These indigenous breeds are particularly well-suited for natural farming practices, which are gaining traction globally. The world pork production is currently at 112.6 million tons and is expected to grow at a rate of 2.3 percent year over year, reaching 129 million tons by 2031. This growth presents a significant opportunity for India to tap into the rapidly expanding market for organic pork.
The global market for organic pork is a niche segment within the meat industry, but it is one that is rapidly expanding. “Natural and sustainable pig farming, combined with value addition and carbon neutrality, will greatly increase the prospects for Indian pig sector,” Thomas emphasizes. This shift towards sustainability aligns with the growing consumer demand for ethically produced, organic food products.
India’s position in the global pork trade is notable, with the country exporting $3.75 million and importing $2.97 million worth of pork in 2022. While these figures place India at 46th among exporters and 112th among importers, there is considerable room for growth. By focusing on natural and sustainable farming practices, India can enhance its competitiveness in the global market and cater to the increasing demand for organic pork.
The research by Thomas and his team not only provides a fascinating historical and cultural perspective on pigs in India but also offers a roadmap for the future of pig farming in the country. By embracing natural farming practices and value addition, the Indian pig sector can achieve significant growth and contribute to the nation’s agricultural and economic development. As the world moves towards more sustainable and ethical farming practices, the insights from this study could not be more timely or relevant.