In the heart of Baghdad, where the Tigris and Euphrates rivers once symbolized life and prosperity, a new study is shedding light on the environmental challenges threatening the city’s future. Haqi Ismael Kadhim Alanbagi, a researcher from the Technical Institute of Baquba at the Middle Technical University, has been delving into the complexities of environmental risk analysis using Geographic Information Systems (GIS). His work, published in the *Journal of Engineering* (مجلة الهندسة), offers a stark look at the air and water pollution choking the city and provides a roadmap for evidence-based solutions.
Baghdad, like many rapidly urbanizing cities, is grappling with the consequences of economic growth and expansion. “The city is facing severe environmental problems, including desertification, air and water pollution, and high greenhouse gas emissions,” Alanbagi explains. His study focuses on two critical areas: water and air pollution, using GIS to pinpoint high-risk zones and understand the underlying causes.
The findings are alarming. Air pollution hotspots, characterized by high concentrations of PM10, NO2, and SO2, are predominantly found in densely populated and traffic-heavy areas. “Major roads and industrial areas are severely affected by pollution,” Alanbagi notes. The study reveals that wind conditions and climate change contribute to seasonal fluctuations in pollution levels, exacerbating the problem.
Water quality is another pressing concern. While the Tigris and Euphrates rivers maintain suitable pH and nitrate levels, they exhibit elevated levels of dissolved solids and phosphates. These contaminants likely stem from industrial and agricultural runoff, posing risks to both human health and aquatic ecosystems.
The study also highlights the rapid transformation of Baghdad’s landscape. Between 2016 and 2024, the percentage of built-up area increased from 25% to 45%, while green spaces decreased from 40% to 30%. This urban sprawl is accompanied by a rise in average annual temperatures, from 21.5°C to 23.2°C, and a decrease in rainfall, from 135 mm to 115 mm. PM₁₀ concentrations have also surged from 85 µg/m³ in 2018 to 110 µg/m³ in 2023, indicating a worsening of air quality.
For the energy sector, these findings underscore the urgent need for sustainable practices and innovative solutions. As cities continue to expand, the demand for energy will rise, but so will the environmental footprint. Alanbagi’s research highlights the importance of integrating GIS technology into environmental risk analysis and assessment. By identifying high-risk areas and understanding the factors contributing to pollution, policymakers and industry leaders can make informed decisions that balance economic growth with environmental sustainability.
The study’s implications extend beyond Baghdad, offering a blueprint for other cities grappling with similar challenges. As Alanbagi’s work gains traction, it could shape future developments in environmental risk assessment, driving the adoption of GIS technology and evidence-based strategies to combat pollution and mitigate climate change.
In a world where environmental concerns are increasingly intertwined with economic and social issues, Alanbagi’s research serves as a reminder of the power of data-driven insights. By harnessing the capabilities of GIS, we can navigate the complexities of urbanization and chart a course towards a more sustainable future. As the energy sector continues to evolve, the lessons learned from Baghdad’s environmental struggles will be invaluable in shaping policies and practices that prioritize both progress and preservation.