In a world grappling with the dual challenges of climate change and rising health concerns, the role of dietary guidelines in shaping our food choices has never been more critical. A recent study published in the *South African Journal of Science* (or *South African Journal of Scientific Research* in English) sheds light on how African countries are addressing these issues through food-based dietary guidelines (FBDGs) and their inclusivity of plant-based dietary patterns.
Led by Nanine Wyma from the Africa Unit for Transdisciplinary Health Research (AUTHeR) at North-West University and the Physicians Association for Nutrition South Africa, the research reveals a significant gap in the official recommendations for plant-based diets across the continent. “We found that only 12 African countries have FBDGs, which is a quarter of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) member countries from Africa,” Wyma explains. This shortfall is particularly striking given the global shift towards plant-based diets for health and environmental reasons.
The study employed a qualitative analysis and quantitative scoring using the Balanced Food Choice Index system to evaluate the extent and inclusivity of African FBDGs. The findings indicate that the guidelines from South Africa, Namibia, Benin, Gabon, and Zambia are the most balanced in terms of promoting plant-based dietary patterns. However, the overall inclusion of plant-based diets in African FBDGs is below the global average.
One of the most concerning revelations is the lack of awareness and discussion around vegetarian diets. Only two of the reviewed FBDGs mention vegetarian diets, and just five include plant-based alternatives to meat, milk, or dairy. “There is a significant lack of awareness of some forms of plant-based diets,” Wyma notes. This oversight could have profound implications for public health and environmental sustainability.
The study also highlights that only a quarter of the African FBDGs refer to the sustainability of plant-based foods or dietary patterns. This is a critical area for improvement, as plant-based diets are increasingly recognized for their role in mitigating climate change and promoting sustainable food systems.
The commercial impacts of these findings are substantial. As the global market for plant-based foods continues to grow, African countries have a unique opportunity to position themselves as leaders in sustainable and healthy food production. By updating their FBDGs to be more inclusive of plant-based dietary choices, African nations can attract investment in plant-based food industries, create jobs, and boost economic growth.
Moreover, the study’s emphasis on the health benefits of plant-based diets aligns with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly SDG 2 (zero hunger), SDG 3 (good health and well-being), and SDG 13 (climate action). By promoting plant-based diets, African countries can make significant strides towards achieving these global targets.
The research published in the *South African Journal of Science* serves as a wake-up call for African policymakers. It underscores the need for more inclusive and balanced FBDGs that consider the health, economic, environmental, and ethical aspects of food choices. As Wyma and her team advocate, “Future African FBDGs are encouraged to be inclusive of plant-based dietary choices and balance the various aspects that play a role in people’s food choices.”
This study not only highlights the current shortcomings in African dietary guidelines but also paves the way for future developments in nutrition policy. By embracing plant-based dietary patterns, African countries can lead the way in creating healthier, more sustainable food systems that benefit both people and the planet.