In the quest to bolster the health and productivity of farmed fish, researchers have turned to an unlikely duo: a probiotic bacterium and a spent mushroom extract. A recent study led by Kanokkarn Choosong from Thaksin University in Thailand has uncovered promising insights into enhancing the digestive and immune functions of Nile tilapia, a staple in global aquaculture. The findings, published in the journal Aquaculture Reports (translated from Thai as “Reports on Fish Farming”), could reshape how we approach functional feeds in the aquaculture industry.
Choosong and her team explored the effects of Pediococcus acidilactici, a beneficial bacterium, and Cordyceps militaris spent mushroom substrate (SMS) extract, both individually and in combination, on the digestive and immune systems of Nile tilapia. The study revealed that P. acidilactici significantly boosted the activities of key digestive enzymes like amylase, cellulase, and trypsin, suggesting improved nutrient breakdown and absorption. “This enhancement in digestive function could lead to more efficient feed utilization, potentially reducing feed costs and environmental impact,” Choosong explained.
Meanwhile, the Cordyceps militaris SMS extract diet showed a marked improvement in the fish’s immune responses, with elevated lysozyme activity, respiratory burst, and white blood cell counts. “The immune-boosting effects of Cordyceps militaris are well-documented, but seeing these results in a commercial aquaculture context is particularly exciting,” Choosong added.
The real game-changer, however, was the combination of both supplements. The synergistic effects led to a robust upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, indicating a heightened immune response without compromising overall immune balance. This dual approach not only enhanced the fish’s ability to fend off pathogens but also promoted a healthier gut microbiota, with an increased abundance of beneficial bacteria like Bacillus, Pediococcus, and Cetobacterium.
The implications for the aquaculture industry are substantial. As the demand for sustainable and efficient protein sources grows, so does the need for innovative solutions to improve fish health and productivity. Functional feeds, enriched with bioactives like P. acidilactici and Cordyceps militaris, could offer a sustainable way to meet these challenges. “This research opens up new avenues for developing functional feeds that can enhance both the digestive and immune functions of farmed fish,” Choosong noted.
The study’s findings could pave the way for future developments in aquaculture, particularly in the realm of functional feeds and probiotic supplementation. As the industry continues to evolve, the integration of such innovative solutions could lead to more resilient fish populations, reduced environmental impact, and improved economic outcomes for farmers.
In an era where sustainability and efficiency are paramount, this research offers a glimpse into the future of aquaculture, where science and innovation converge to meet the growing demands of a hungry world.