Bangladesh’s agricultural sector has undergone a quiet but profound transformation over the past few decades. From the widespread adoption of high-yielding rice varieties to the use of mobile apps for real-time weather updates, technology has begun reshaping how farmers work. Yet, despite these advancements, a stubborn gap persists between innovation and everyday practice. Many technologies—developed with the potential to boost productivity, resilience, and incomes—remain underused, gathering dust in research stations rather than taking root in fields.
The reasons for this adoption gap are complex, rooted in both systemic challenges and the realities of smallholder farming. Bangladesh boasts a robust agricultural research infrastructure, with 13 institutions under the National Agricultural Research System (NARS) and universities like Bangladesh Agricultural University driving innovation. The Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI) alone has released over 120 rice varieties, including climate-resilient and nutrient-enriched strains. Government support, through subsidies, extension services, and digital platforms, further strengthens the pipeline from lab to land.
Yet, the weaknesses in the system are equally striking. Most Bangladeshi farmers operate on small plots, relying on traditional methods passed down through generations. Many lack awareness of modern technologies, while others find the upfront costs of machinery or high-quality seeds prohibitive. Training programs, where they exist, often fail to address local needs, leaving farmers without the confidence to experiment. Even when technologies are affordable, unreliable post-sales support and distribution networks discourage long-term use.
Climate change adds another layer of uncertainty. Bangladesh’s vulnerability to floods, droughts, and cyclones makes farmers hesitant to invest in untested solutions. Price volatility in agricultural markets compounds the risk—if a new technology fails to deliver immediate returns, farmers may abandon it entirely. Cultural resistance also plays a role; deep-rooted skepticism toward unfamiliar methods can outweigh the promise of higher yields.
Field studies reveal that the adoption gap stems from three key barriers: knowledge, cost, and trust. Farmers need clear evidence that a technology will improve their livelihoods before committing to it. Younger farmers, more open to digital tools and mechanization, contrast sharply with older generations who prefer traditional practices. Women farmers, who make up a significant portion of the workforce, often receive less training and support, further widening the divide.
Bridging this gap requires a multi-pronged approach. Strengthening extension services—particularly through digital platforms—can ensure farmers receive timely, localized advice. Low-cost credit schemes could ease the financial burden of adopting new tools, while public-private partnerships might improve access to machinery and inputs. Encouraging agri-entrepreneurship among youth could also accelerate innovation, blending traditional knowledge with modern techniques.
The stakes are high. Without broader adoption, Bangladesh’s agricultural advancements risk remaining confined to research papers and pilot projects. Closing the gap isn’t just about boosting yields; it’s about securing food and nutritional stability in a changing climate. For a country where agriculture remains the backbone of rural livelihoods, the question isn’t whether innovation can transform farming—it’s how to ensure that transformation reaches every field.