In a groundbreaking systematic review published in ‘Trees, Forests and People’, researchers have unveiled the vast genetic potential and ecosystem services of Neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss), a tree native to the Indian subcontinent and renowned for its medicinal and pest-control properties. The study, led by Ayushman Malakar from the Genetics and Tree Improvement Division at ICFRE – Institute of Forest Productivity in Ranchi, Jharkhand, India, synthesizes two decades of research to provide a comprehensive understanding of Neem’s role in sustainable agriculture and global development.
The review, which analyzed 696 articles from the Web of Science database spanning from 2000 to 2024, highlights the significant genetic variability within natural Neem populations worldwide. This variability is a crucial resource for breeders and researchers aiming to enhance the tree’s pest-resistant and medicinal properties. “The ample genetic diversity we’ve identified opens up new avenues for developing Neem varieties tailored to specific agricultural and environmental needs,” Malakar explained.
Neem’s ecosystem services are vast and varied. The tree plays a pivotal role in agroforestry, integrated pest management, and soil health improvement. Its derivatives are used as natural pesticides, reducing the need for chemical alternatives that can harm the environment and human health. The study’s co-occurrence analysis and thematic mapping of keywords underscored Neem’s efficacy in these areas, facilitating the achievement of multiple sustainable development goals.
The commercial implications for the agriculture sector are substantial. With the global demand for Neem and its derivatives on the rise, the insights from this review could drive innovation in agrochemical and pharmaceutical industries. Farmers and agricultural businesses can leverage this genetic diversity to develop more resilient and productive Neem-based solutions, enhancing crop yields and reducing reliance on synthetic pesticides.
Moreover, the study identified several gaps in tree-breeding, improvement, and population ecology of Neem that warrant further investigation. Addressing these gaps could lead to even more significant advancements in sustainable agriculture and environmental conservation.
This systematic review not only provides a comprehensive knowledge base for current research trends but also sets the stage for future developments in harnessing Neem’s full potential. As Malakar noted, “Understanding the genetic and ecological aspects of Neem is the first step towards unlocking its full potential for sustainable development.”
The findings from this study are poised to shape future research and commercial applications, offering a promising path towards more sustainable and productive agricultural practices. With the growing global emphasis on eco-friendly solutions, Neem stands out as a valuable resource with immense potential to mitigate environmental challenges and support global sustainable goals.