In a groundbreaking study published in *iScience*, researchers have untangled the complex genetic origins of African indigenous pigs, shedding light on their evolutionary history and the human-mediated dispersal routes that shaped their genetic architecture. The findings, led by Lameck A. Odongo of the Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, offer valuable insights into the agricultural and economic implications of pig domestication and migration across the African continent.
The study analyzed a comprehensive dataset of 473 mitogenomes and 202 Y chromosome sequences from indigenous African pigs, alongside 901 published mitogenomes and 715 Y chromosome sequences from Eurasian pigs and wild boars. The results revealed that African pigs predominantly descend from European (haplogroup E, 44.8%) and East Asian (haplogroup D, 53.3%) lineages. Notably, the researchers detected a novel presence of Asian wild boar haplogroup A∗ (1.9%) in Tanzania, a finding that underscores the intricate web of genetic exchange and migration.
“Our findings demonstrate the complex human-mediated dispersal routes that have shaped the genetic landscape of African pigs,” said Odongo. “This research not only enhances our understanding of the evolutionary history of these animals but also has significant implications for the agricultural sector.”
The genetic analysis confirmed a strong maternal link between western African and Iberian pigs dating back approximately 4,500 years, suggesting early trade or migration routes between these regions. Additionally, the study identified a dispersal pattern into eastern Africa that coincides with the Bantu expansion around 2,000 years ago. This historical context provides a deeper understanding of how human societies have influenced the genetic diversity of domestic animals.
From a commercial perspective, the study’s findings can inform breeding programs and conservation efforts aimed at preserving genetic diversity in African pig populations. Understanding the genetic origins and dispersal patterns of these animals can help farmers and agricultural scientists develop more resilient and productive pig breeds adapted to local environments.
“By unraveling the genetic history of African pigs, we can better appreciate the role of human societies in shaping the genetic architecture of domestic animals,” Odongo added. “This knowledge is crucial for developing sustainable agricultural practices and ensuring food security in the region.”
The study’s insights into the evolutionary history of African pigs also highlight the importance of preserving genetic diversity. As global agriculture faces challenges such as climate change and disease outbreaks, maintaining a diverse gene pool can enhance the resilience of livestock populations.
In summary, this research not only advances our understanding of the genetic origins of African pigs but also offers practical applications for the agricultural sector. By leveraging these findings, farmers and scientists can work towards more sustainable and productive pig farming practices, ultimately contributing to food security and economic development in Africa.
The study, published in *iScience*, was led by Lameck A. Odongo of the State Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution & Animal Models and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Domestic Animals at the Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences.