In the quest to address the intertwined challenges of food, water, and energy security, agrivoltaic systems (AVS) have emerged as a promising frontier. These innovative setups, which combine agriculture and photovoltaic power generation, are garnering global attention. However, their effectiveness hinges on a nuanced understanding of their microclimatic impacts, a topic that a recent study published in *Agronomy* has sought to unravel.
The research, led by Ismael Cosme of the National Institute of Astrophysics, Optics and Electronics (INAOE) in Mexico, systematically reviews the current literature on AVS microclimates. The study focuses on key atmospheric, radiation, and soil parameters, offering a critical analysis of the inherent complexity of these systems.
One of the most consistent findings is the reduction in soil temperature and enhanced moisture retention under AVS, which are significant agronomic benefits. “These benefits can lead to improved crop yields and reduced water usage, which is particularly valuable in arid and semi-arid regions,” Cosme explains. However, the effects on air temperature are highly variable, often demonstrating site-specific warming or pronounced vertical thermal stratification. This variability underscores the need for tailored approaches to AVS design and management.
The study also highlights the significant alteration of light availability within AVS. Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR) reduction can range from 5% to 94%, emphasizing the system’s inherent spatial and temporal heterogeneity. This variability, rather than being a limitation, presents a unique opportunity for precision agriculture and zoned management strategies. “By understanding and leveraging this heterogeneity, farmers can optimize crop growth and resource use,” Cosme suggests.
A major gap identified in the study is the lack of standardized measurement methodologies, which limits data comparability. To address this, the researchers propose a “Minimum Viable Monitoring” (MVM) framework. This framework advocates for multi-zone and multi-height sensor placement to accurately capture microclimatic variability, paving the way for more robust and comparable data collection.
The commercial implications of this research are substantial. As the agriculture sector increasingly adopts AVS, a deeper understanding of microclimatic impacts will be crucial for maximizing productivity and sustainability. The MVM framework, in particular, could become a standard practice, enabling farmers and researchers to make data-driven decisions.
Looking ahead, this research could shape future developments in the field by promoting more precise and adaptive AVS designs. By embracing the inherent complexity of AVS microclimates, the agriculture sector can unlock new potentials for efficient resource use and enhanced crop yields. As Cosme notes, “The future of AVS lies in our ability to harness this complexity for the benefit of both agriculture and energy generation.”