In the heart of Iran’s apple-growing regions, a silent battle rages between farmers and a formidable foe: Diplodia bulgarica, a fungus that causes trunk canker and threatens the country’s vital apple industry. But a glimmer of hope has emerged from the labs of the University of Tabriz, where researchers have uncovered a promising alternative to chemical fungicides that could revolutionize apple farming.
A recent study published in ‘پژوهشهای حفاظت گیاهان ایران’ has identified five strains of Bacillus bacteria that not only inhibit the growth of Diplodia bulgarica but also produce auxin, a crucial plant hormone that promotes growth. This dual action could provide a sustainable solution to the pressing issue of apple canker, offering both disease control and enhanced crop productivity.
The lead author of the study, Samaneh Hagverdi from the Department of Plant Protection at the University of Tabriz, explained the significance of their findings: “Our research demonstrates that these endophytic bacteria can be powerful allies in the fight against apple canker. They not only suppress the pathogen but also promote plant growth, making them an attractive option for farmers seeking to reduce their reliance on chemical fungicides.”
The study isolated 110 endophytic bacteria from apple trees in East Azerbaijan province, with 50 showing promising antifungal properties. Among these, five Bacillus strains stood out, exhibiting high inhibition rates against Diplodia bulgarica and significant auxin production. Notably, Bacillus mojavensis produced the highest levels of auxin, up to tenfold more than other isolates in the absence of tryptophan.
The commercial implications of this research are substantial. Apple farming is a cornerstone of Iran’s agricultural exports, and the cultivation of this fruit is frequently threatened by pests and diseases. Traditional chemical fungicides, while effective, pose environmental and health risks and can lead to pathogen resistance. The discovery of these Bacillus strains offers a viable, eco-friendly alternative that could enhance crop resilience and yield, ultimately benefiting farmers and consumers alike.
The study’s findings open up new avenues for the development of biocontrol agents and biofertilizers tailored to the needs of apple growers. As Hagverdi noted, “The deployment of these bacteria promises not only the effective and safe mitigation of pathogens but also supports plant growth and development through hormone production.”
This research could shape the future of plant disease management, steering the agriculture sector towards more sustainable and integrated approaches. By harnessing the power of endophytic bacteria, farmers may soon have a powerful, natural tool at their disposal to combat apple canker and other plant diseases, ensuring the health and productivity of their orchards for years to come.