Recent research published in ‘Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering’ has unveiled a promising approach to enhance the efficiency of nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) production from agricultural waste, specifically pepper waste (Piper nigrum L.). This study, led by Holilah Holilah from the National Research and Innovation Agency of Indonesia, focuses on the recovery and reusability of lactic acid in the hydrolysis process, presenting a more sustainable alternative to traditional inorganic acids.
Lactic acid, a weak organic acid, has garnered attention for its lower toxicity and corrosiveness compared to its inorganic counterparts. The study demonstrated that lactic acid could be successfully recovered and reused for hydrolyzing NCC up to three times, maintaining a high yield of 72.3%. This efficiency not only reduces operational costs but also minimizes waste generation, aligning with the growing demand for sustainable practices in the agricultural sector.
However, the research also highlighted a decline in NCC yield after the fourth cycle of lactic acid reuse, dropping to 48.2%. This reduction was attributed to the formation of larger nanocellulose structures with a high crystalline index, which posed challenges for acid diffusion within the rigid crystalline network. Despite this limitation, the overall findings indicate a viable pathway for producing high-quality nanocellulose, which is increasingly sought after for its applications in various industries, including bioplastics, pharmaceuticals, and food packaging.
For the agriculture sector, this research opens up several commercial opportunities. Farmers and agricultural businesses can explore the potential of converting pepper waste—a byproduct often overlooked—into valuable nanocellulose. This not only adds value to agricultural residues but also contributes to waste reduction and promotes a circular economy. Furthermore, the application of lactic acid in this process could lead to the development of more environmentally friendly hydrolysis methods, appealing to consumers and businesses alike that prioritize sustainability.
As the demand for sustainable materials continues to rise, the ability to produce nanocellulose from agricultural waste using a less harmful acid could position farmers and agribusinesses at the forefront of innovation in the biomaterials market. By leveraging such research, stakeholders in the agriculture sector can enhance their product offerings, reduce environmental impacts, and potentially increase profitability through value-added processes.