In the bustling poultry industry of Iran, where broiler chickens serve as a vital source of meat, a significant challenge looms large: ascites syndrome. This condition, which contributes to alarming mortality rates among Arian broilers, has pushed researchers to seek sustainable solutions that could transform the landscape of poultry farming. A recent study led by Somayeh Hassnvand from the Department of Animal Science at Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resource University sheds light on this pressing issue through innovative genetic research.
The study delves into the genetic underpinnings of ascites, focusing on specific genes that could hold the key to breeding more resilient chickens. By identifying single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the liver tissue of Arian broilers affected by this syndrome, the research aims to pave the way for marker-assisted selection—a method that could revolutionize breeding programs in the region. “Understanding the genetic factors that contribute to ascites is crucial for developing lines of broilers that can withstand this disease,” Hassnvand explains.
The research involved a meticulous process, starting with the careful selection of 817 one-day-old chicks from various familial lines. The team categorized the birds into healthy and ascites-susceptible groups, extracting and sequencing RNA from their liver tissues to identify genetic variations. The results were promising: the CPQ gene emerged as a standout candidate, with multiple SNPs linked to ascites. This gene’s involvement in critical biological pathways related to the disease suggests that it could be a game changer for breeders looking to enhance resistance in their flocks.
The implications of this research extend far beyond the laboratory. For poultry farmers, particularly those relying on the Arian line, reducing the incidence of ascites could mean fewer losses and higher profitability. “By using these genetic markers, farmers can select for traits that promote health and resilience, ultimately leading to stronger, more productive flocks,” Hassnvand notes. This could not only bolster the local poultry industry but also enhance food security in a country where meat supply is paramount.
Furthermore, the study highlights the power of modern technologies like RNA sequencing in understanding complex diseases. As the agricultural sector increasingly turns to science for solutions, findings like these underscore the potential for genetic research to address real-world challenges. The identification of SNPs in the CPQ, HPSE, and B3GAT2 genes offers a tangible pathway for breeders to implement changes that could significantly reduce mortality rates associated with ascites.
Published in ‘پژوهشهای تولیدات دامی’ (Animal Production Research), this study is a testament to the intersection of science and agriculture, illustrating how genetic insights can foster resilience in livestock. As the poultry industry looks to the future, the work of researchers like Hassnvand may very well serve as a cornerstone for sustainable farming practices, ensuring that the Arian broiler continues to thrive against the odds.