In the heart of Morocco, the Argan tree, known scientifically as Argania spinosa, is more than just a botanical curiosity; it’s a cultural and economic cornerstone. Recent research led by Abderrahim Asbbane from the Biotechnology, Analytical Sciences and Quality Control Team at the Polydisciplinary Faculty of Taroudant has shed light on six distinct varieties of this remarkable tree, revealing significant differences in their physical and chemical traits, as well as their antioxidant capabilities.
Asbbane’s team meticulously examined the Ghallate, Hamouch, Khayr, Mazhar, Naama, and Zakia varieties, uncovering some fascinating insights. For instance, the Mazhar variety stood out with its impressive fruit size, and its oil, packed with oleic acid, boasted exceptional oxidative stability. “This makes Mazhar a prime candidate for oil production, which could greatly benefit local farmers looking to enhance their income,” Asbbane noted.
But it doesn’t stop there. The Naama variety’s pulp, with an energy value of 403.84 kcal/100 g, positions it as a promising raw material for animal feed. This could open new avenues for livestock nutrition, offering farmers a sustainable alternative that could improve animal health and productivity. Meanwhile, the Khayr variety’s nutshell was found to contain the highest moisture and protein contents, making it a valuable resource in various agricultural applications.
The Ghallate variety also made waves with its protein-rich kernels and press cake, showing 23.21 g/100 g and an astonishing 48.96 g/100 g, respectively. These findings are likely to stir interest among agribusinesses and food manufacturers, who are always on the lookout for high-quality, nutrient-dense ingredients.
The implications of this research extend beyond just the nutritional aspects; they touch on the very fabric of local economies. With the right marketing and development strategies, these findings could empower farmers to select the best cultivars based on their specific needs—whether for oil production or animal feed—ultimately leading to improved livelihoods.
Asbbane emphasizes the broader significance of this work, stating, “Our findings provide valuable insights into selecting optimal argan cultivars, which is crucial not just for oil production but also for enhancing domestic agricultural practices.”
This research, published in the Journal of Agriculture and Food Research, highlights the potential of Argania spinosa to not only sustain local traditions but also to drive economic growth in the agriculture sector. As the world increasingly values sustainable and health-conscious products, the unique qualities of these argan varieties may just place Moroccan farmers at the forefront of a burgeoning market.