In the heart of Iran, a revolution is brewing in the fields of agritech and biotechnology, spearheaded by Zahra Aghaali, a researcher at the Division of Plant Biotechnology, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agricultural and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj. Her latest research, published in ‘Current Plant Biology’, delves into the intricate world of terpenoid biosynthesis in Ferula species, plants renowned for their therapeutic and industrial applications.
Ferula species, with their rich history in traditional medicine, have long been valued for their ability to treat a myriad of ailments, from ancient times to modern diseases like multiple sclerosis, HIV, and COVID-19. The challenge, however, lies in the low yields of these precious terpenoids, which are in high demand for fragrances, food, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. Aghaali’s work aims to break this barrier, leveraging cutting-edge biotechnological techniques to enhance terpenoid production and meet industrial demands.
At the core of Aghaali’s strategy is the application of CRISPR/Cas-mediated genome editing, a tool that allows for precise genetic modifications. “CRISPR/Cas technology offers unparalleled precision in editing the genome,” Aghaali explains. “By targeting specific genes involved in terpenoid biosynthesis, we can enhance the production of desired compounds without disrupting other plant functions.” This approach, combined with metabolic engineering and enzyme engineering, holds the potential to revolutionize the way we harness the power of Ferula plants.
Metabolic engineering, another key component of Aghaali’s research, involves the manipulation of metabolic pathways to increase the production of terpenoids. By overexpressing specific genes and engineering enzymes, researchers can optimize the biosynthesis process, leading to higher yields. “Metabolic engineering allows us to fine-tune the plant’s natural processes,” Aghaali notes. “By understanding and manipulating the pathways involved in terpenoid production, we can significantly increase the output of these valuable compounds.”
The integration of hairy root culture, a technique that involves infecting plant tissue with Agrobacterium rhizogenes to induce the formation of hairy roots, further enhances the potential for large-scale production. These hairy roots can be cultivated in vitro, providing a continuous source of terpenoids without the need for extensive agricultural land.
Aghaali’s work, published in ‘Current Plant Biology’, translates as ‘Current Plant Biology’ in English, represents a significant leap forward in the field of agritech. By harnessing the power of biotechnology, researchers like Aghaali are paving the way for a future where the benefits of Ferula species can be fully realized, meeting the growing demands of various industries and potentially transforming the energy sector. As the research progresses, the potential for large-scale terpenoid production could reshape the landscape of industrial and medicinal applications, offering new avenues for innovation and discovery.