In the heart of Morocco, researchers are uncovering a sustainable solution to some of the tomato industry’s most pressing challenges. A recent study led by Said Bahoch from the Regional Center of Agricultural Research of Agadir, part of the National Institute of Agricultural Research (INRA), has revealed the potential of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) to protect tomato crops from devastating pathogens and pests. The findings, published in the journal ‘Plants’ (which translates to ‘Plants’ in English), offer a promising alternative to conventional chemical controls, with significant implications for sustainable agriculture and the energy sector.
The research focused on seven bacterial isolates obtained from the rhizosphere of healthy tomato plants, evaluating their antagonistic activity against the fungal pathogen Passalora fulva and the leaf miner Tuta absoluta. These two pests are notorious for causing substantial crop losses and economic damage worldwide. “The search for eco-friendly and effective biocontrol agents is crucial for sustainable agriculture,” Bahoch explained. “Our study aimed to explore the potential of indigenous rhizobacteria to manage these pests and promote plant growth.”
In vitro dual-culture assays demonstrated that isolates IQR1, IQR2, IQR3, and IQR5 significantly inhibited P. fulva mycelial growth, with inhibition rates exceeding 35%. The volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by these bacterial isolates also exhibited considerable antifungal activity, with IQR5, IQR1, and IQR2 achieving over 84% inhibition. Molecular identification revealed that these isolates belong to distinct taxa, including Leucobacter aridicolis, Paenochrobactrum sp., an uncultured bacterium from the genus Psychrobacter, and a marine bacterium from the genus Brevundimonas.
Under greenhouse conditions, isolates IQR3, IQR5, and IQR1 reduced disease incidence of P. fulva to 20–26%. These isolates also promoted plant growth, enhancing stem height and collar diameter. Notably, IQR5 significantly reduced T. absoluta larval density and foliar damage, with the number of larvae per leaflet decreasing to 1.42, compared to 3.20 in the control. “The results are promising,” Bahoch stated. “These rhizobacterial strains, particularly IQR5, show great potential as effective biocontrol agents and biofertilizers.”
The commercial impacts of this research are substantial. The tomato industry, a vital sector in many economies, faces significant losses due to pests and pathogens. Conventional chemical controls, while effective, often raise concerns about environmental impact and human health. The development of sustainable biocontrol agents offers a safer, more eco-friendly alternative. Moreover, the energy sector stands to benefit from the reduced need for synthetic pesticides, which are energy-intensive to produce and apply.
This research could shape future developments in integrated pest and disease management, paving the way for more sustainable and efficient agricultural practices. As the global population grows and resources become scarcer, the need for innovative, eco-friendly solutions becomes ever more pressing. The findings of Bahoch and his team represent a significant step forward in this direction, offering hope for a more sustainable future for the tomato industry and beyond.