In the heart of Thailand, a silent battle raged in early 2020, not against a human foe, but against a deadly virus that threatened the country’s equine population. African Horse Sickness Virus serotype 1 (AHSV-1) emerged, causing 607 cases and claiming the lives of 93% of infected horses. The outbreak, mitigated by vector control and a live attenuated virus (LAV) vaccine, provided a unique opportunity for researchers to study the viremic phase and humoral immune response in both infected and vaccinated horses.
Paphavee Pipitpornsirikul, a researcher at the Center for Agricultural Biotechnology, Kasetsart University, led a study published in Veterinary Sciences (translated from Thai as “Animal Sciences”) that delved into the intricacies of viremia and immunity during the 2020 outbreak. The study, conducted on 15 infected naïve horses and 11 vaccinated horses, aimed to understand the timeline of viremia and the development of antibodies post-infection and post-vaccination.
The research revealed that viremia, the presence of virus in the blood, appeared in the first week and lasted until week 5 in 25% of the horses in both groups. “This finding underscores the importance of insect-proof housing for horses for at least 5 weeks after exposure or vaccination,” Pipitpornsirikul emphasized. The study also found that seroconversion, the development of detectable specific antibodies, occurred at week 5 in 73.3% of infected horses and at week 3 in 90% of vaccinated horses. Antibodies persisted in both groups until the end of the study, with more uniform levels in vaccinated animals.
The chronological relations among clinical signs, viremia, and immunity were analyzed, providing essential insights into AHSV epidemiology and control. The study’s findings could significantly impact the equine industry, particularly in regions where AHSV is endemic or poses a threat. By understanding the timeline of viremia and immunity, horse owners and veterinarians can make informed decisions about housing, vaccination, and quarantine measures.
Moreover, the research could pave the way for future developments in vaccine design and disease control strategies. “Our findings provide a foundation for further research into the immune response to AHSV and the development of more effective vaccines,” Pipitpornsirikul noted. The study’s insights could also be valuable for the energy sector, particularly in regions where horses are used for transportation or agricultural work. By controlling AHSV outbreaks, the sector can minimize disruptions and maintain productivity.
In conclusion, Pipitpornsirikul’s study sheds light on the complex interplay between AHSV, viremia, and immunity. The findings not only contribute to our understanding of AHSV epidemiology but also offer practical insights for disease control and prevention. As the world continues to grapple with emerging infectious diseases, studies like this one are crucial for protecting both animal and human health.