In the quest for a sustainable energy future, the challenge of energy storage remains a critical hurdle. A recent review published in *Discover Applied Sciences* (translated from Norwegian as *Discover Applied Sciences*) sheds light on the pivotal role of energy storage in the energy transition and the burgeoning blue economy. Led by Chiara Bordin from the Department of Computer Science at UiT The Arctic University of Norway, the research delves into the technological advancements, challenges, and future directions of energy storage, offering a roadmap for the energy sector.
The energy transition, driven by the need to decarbonize, relies heavily on renewable energy sources like wind, solar, and marine energy. However, the intermittent nature of these sources necessitates effective energy storage solutions to balance supply and demand. “Energy storage is the linchpin in the transition to renewable energy,” Bordin asserts. “Without it, we cannot ensure a stable and reliable power grid.”
The review explores various energy storage technologies, including battery technologies, hydrogen storage, and pumped hydro storage. Emerging technologies like sodium-ion and metal-air batteries are also highlighted for their potential in large-scale deployment. Each technology comes with its own set of challenges, from shortages in critical raw materials to environmental impacts and energy loss.
One promising avenue is the blue economy, which offers opportunities for offshore energy storage. Technologies like ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) and compressed air energy storage (CAES) could play a significant role in this sector. “The blue economy presents a unique opportunity to integrate energy storage solutions that are both innovative and sustainable,” Bordin notes.
Data-driven optimization and artificial intelligence (AI) are also discussed as tools to enhance storage efficiency. These technologies can help manage and optimize energy storage systems, making them more effective and reliable. However, the review emphasizes that policy interventions and economic incentives are crucial to spur the development and deployment of these technologies.
Education and workforce training are identified as key factors in driving energy innovation. “We need to cultivate a workforce that is not only skilled but also interdisciplinary,” Bordin explains. “This will enable us to address the complex challenges of energy storage and transition effectively.”
The review underscores the need for a convergence of technological, economic, and educational approaches to enable a sustainable and resilient energy future. It calls for future work to focus on higher energy density, efficiency, recyclability, and cost-effectiveness of storage technologies without compromising environmental sustainability.
As the energy sector continues to evolve, this research provides valuable insights into the future of energy storage. It highlights the importance of innovation, policy, and education in shaping a sustainable energy landscape. With the energy transition gaining momentum, the findings of this review could significantly impact the development and deployment of energy storage technologies, paving the way for a cleaner, more resilient energy future.