In a groundbreaking study published in *Poultry Science*, researchers have demonstrated that orally-delivered Bacillus subtilis spores expressing an Eimeria profilin antigen can effectively protect broiler chickens against Eimeria tenella infection. This research, led by Youngsub Lee from the Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory at the U.S. Department of Agriculture-ARS in Beltsville, MD, offers promising implications for the poultry industry, particularly in the fight against coccidiosis, a parasitic disease that costs the global poultry sector billions annually.
The study involved 168 male broiler chickens, divided into seven groups, each receiving different treatments. The chickens were immunized with either B. subtilis spores expressing the Eimeria profilin (3-1E) antigen or control spores. Following infection with E. tenella, the researchers observed significant improvements in body weight, intestinal lesion scores, and antibody levels in the immunized groups compared to the control groups.
“Our findings indicate that orally-delivered B. subtilis spores can act as an effective vaccine vehicle, providing robust protection against E. tenella infection,” said Lee. “This approach not only enhances the immune response but also maintains the stability of the antigen, making it a promising candidate for commercial vaccine development.”
The commercial impact of this research is substantial. Coccidiosis is a major challenge in poultry farming, leading to reduced growth rates, increased mortality, and significant economic losses. Current control methods rely heavily on anticoccidial drugs, which are becoming less effective due to drug resistance. The development of an effective vaccine could revolutionize coccidiosis management, reducing reliance on drugs and improving overall poultry health and productivity.
The study also highlights the potential for B. subtilis spores to be used as a delivery system for other vaccines. “The high stability and remarkable potential of B. subtilis spores make them an attractive option for developing vaccines against various poultry diseases,” Lee added. This could open new avenues for research and development in the agritech sector, leading to more sustainable and effective disease control strategies.
The research team’s findings suggest that orally-delivered B. subtilis spores expressing the 3-1E antigen could be a game-changer in the poultry industry. By enhancing the immune response and providing long-lasting protection, this innovative approach could significantly reduce the economic burden of coccidiosis and improve the welfare of broiler chickens worldwide. As the poultry industry continues to seek sustainable and effective solutions, this study offers a promising path forward, potentially shaping future developments in poultry health and disease management.